The Somalia Civil-War from 1988-1991
Created: June 12, 2021 1:23 PM Property: Resan Chea Tags: Somalia URL: http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol.%2024%20Issue4/Series-2/K2404028894.pdf
Research Questions
- how the faction leaders functioned as political entities?
- how did the civil war start?
- what were the course and consequence of the civil war?
Conceptual Framework
- Westernization
- Centralized State System
- Scientific Socialism
- Primodialism
Theory:
- Proxy War Theory
Background
Somalia presidential election was the first in Africa (after independence)
- President Abdirshid ali Sharma’arke
- Eroding country & democracy
- Nepotism
- Corruption
- Clan Competition
- assassinated
- Violence
- Mass Movement
- Eroding country & democracy
- Content: Mohamed Siaad Barre
- Blood less coup (21 Oct 1969)
- Scientific Socialism
- Soviet financed Somali military, most powerful in sub Saharan
- War with Ethiopia
- Lost
Origin of Civil War
- Colonial Administration System: Division into sovereign territory
- Centralized State System: Goes against traditional social structures
- Italy + British colonial traditions: source of tension for elites
- Unequal clans representation of elites
- Clan System
- Competition over resources, income, foreign aid
- Elites represented interest of their clans
- Government biased treatment of different clans
- Created 12 Opposition groups/political organizations against Siaad
- Competition over resources, income, foreign aid
- Impact of Cold War:
- Soviet financed Somali military for Ogadan War, most powerful in sub Saharan
- State’s Development: 100% foreign aid
- Recurrent Budget: 50% foreign aid
- Soviet financed Somali military for Ogadan War, most powerful in sub Saharan
- Repressive Government of Siaad Barre
- Government turned authoritarian
- Foreign aid mostly used for military and influential purposes (not economy)
- Socio-Economic unequal treatment between clans and violence
- Cabinet 32% → 50% represented by Darood Clan
- Created clan based organizations against the government
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F9KpIE9cUm—5RrMDZbSvfLKMjLc3YzK/preview