IS403 Review §

Class: IS403 Created Time: January 10, 2022 11:02 AM Database: Class Notes Database Last Edited Time: January 29, 2022 12:19 AM Type: Reading Notes

• What is the definition of globalization?
  • Ritzer: globalization is characterized as the ‘flow’ of increasingly ‘liquid’ units such as humans, information, products, and the environment. ¹
    • Units were solid before globalization
    • Also globalization: shift from ‘heavy to light’ of information, tools, people due to transportation technology. Organizations are more decentralized (Al-Qaeda) and more flexible.
  • Globalization can be defined as internationalization, liberalization, universalization, or as the supra-territorial/trans-planetary connection, which one depends on what is being discussed. (2008, Jan Aart Scholte) ²
• Describe the historical evolution of globalization.
  • 15th century: Latin word ‘Globe’: meaning sphere ²
  • 20th century: coined
    • 1940s: Globalize & Globalism appeared
    • 1959: Globalization first used
    • 1961: in first dictionary
    • 1980s: globality circulated
  • There are many interpretations of historical origin and evolution of globalization ¹
    • Hardwired: globalization stems from basic human urge to seek better more fulfilling life
    • Cycles: globalization rise, evolve, die out, and restart again in a cycle.
    • Phases: globalization evolved to it’s current state through 8 periods of bursts of development throughout history.
    • Events: globalization develops linearly through single events pushing it forward throughout history.
• What are the components of globalization?
• What are the sources of globalization? ^{2 3}
  • Technology innovation: high-tech
    • compression of time and space: far distance transportation & communication
      • Communication: broadcast medias/free-flow of information, online shopping + shipping, online/telephone communication, social media connection
      • Transportation: cars, truck, trains, planes, bridges, highways
  • Production: global supply chain, intermediary products,
    • expand economy: AI, IT replacing workers, leapfrogging
  • Military: world reaching weapons, ICMB, spread out military bases
    • Soft power or economic influence is more important
    • Institutional power
  • Law: Global law enforcement, arrests in different country than the crime
    • transnational crime, crime against humanity, terrorism, cyber crime,
• What are the security impacts of globalization?
  • Nuclear Weapon proliferation: nuclear states at 5 in 1968 to 9 now a days. States’ motivation for proliferating nuclear weapons can be ⁴
    1. The security model: States build nuclear weapons to increase national security against foreign threats, especially nuclear threats.
    2. The domestic politics model: States build nuclear weapons because these weapons advance parochial domestic and bureaucratic interests.
    3. The norms model: States build nuclear weapons because weapons acquisition, or restraint in weapons development, provides an important normative symbol of a state’s modernity or identity.
    4. The psychology model: States build nuclear weapons because political leaders hold a conception of their nation’s identity that leads them to desire the bomb.
    5. The political economy model: States build nuclear weapons because the nature of their country’s political economy-mostly interest, whether or not it is globally integrated gives their leaders different incentives for or against having nuclear weapons.
    6. The strategic culture model: States build nuclear weapons because their strategic culture leads them to hold certain ideas about how valuable the acquisition and use of nuclear weapons will be.
  • Warfare:
  • The nature of war remains constant, but its form reflects the particular era and environment in which it occurs.
    • Which aspects of wars have changed: New or Post-Modern War
      1. New planes of warfare by Non-states warfare in ‘new war theater’
         • Global media: contemporary wars are partly fought on television, and the media therefore have a powerful role in providing a framework of understanding for viewers of the conflict.
         • Cyberspace: hacking, disrupting communication
         • non-governmental organizations, intergovernmental organizations, regional and global media, users of the Internet, Terrorist operation
      2. Battlefield has now become ‘Battlespace’
         • Airpower
         • Use of Space satellites
         • Cyberspace & communication
      3. Remotely piloted drones: non-human combatants
  • As the world is now interconnected, wars are hard and too costly to manage than just cooperating or solving arguments peacefully
• What are the positive impacts of globalization from security and socio-economic perspectives?
• What are the negative impacts of globalization from security and socio-economic perspectives?
• Evaluate and propose appropriate policy responses in general
• What are the impacts of globalization on Cambodia?
  • Evaluate and propose appropriate policy responses in the case of Cambodia.

References §

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Duration 90 mins

1. Comprehension/Analytical Questions: 4 questions
   • Cause, impacts of globalization on this or that sector
   • Any material we have discussed will be included
   • 1 question might focus on conceptuaization, historical evolution of globalization
   • Consequence, future of globalization, impacts…
2. Critical-Thinking Questions: 1 question
   • Reflection on case of Cambodia
   • If Cambodia is affected in the same manner as lesson
   • Security, economy, political influence from globalization

• Don’t be wordy, answer the questions right away, no introduction
  • First one, second, lastly blah blah isn’t needed
  • Go straight to the point
  • Respect the scope and word limit
• Give same amount of time on every question
• Critical Thinking: focus on own opinion, give argument straight away
  • Long answers doesn’t give you more points
  • Make sure everything you write has a purpose for being there
  • Conclusion has to be logical and well-informed, have to look at issue from multiple angles/POV
  • Show your critical engagement in your answer in how you analyze the topic

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• What are the positive and negative impacts of technological globalization?
• Critical Thinking Question: Does globalization improve democracy in the developing world?

Footnotes §

1. GBTE-C01 Globalization Conceptualization, Origins, and History ↩ ↩²

2. Chapter 1 Historical evolution, sources and barriers of globalization ↩ ↩² ↩³

3. GBTE-C06 High‐Tech Global Flows and Structures ↩

4. Lesson Globalization on Nuclear Proliferation ↩