Chapter 4: Socialism §

(F) Day of the week: Monday Class: IS301 Created Time: November 23, 2020 8:29 AM Database: Class Notes Database Date: November 23, 2020 8:29 AM Days Till Date: Passed Last Edited Time: June 9, 2021 10:42 AM Tags: Socialism Type: Lecture

Socialism traditionally defined as opposition to capitalism

Cooperation > Competition

1. Origins and Development §

First appeared in 19th century

• European industrial capitalism created inequalities…

Francois Maries Charles Fourier utopia socialist have a political idea

1.1. Early Socialism §

Early socialism defined by

• poor working class living and working conditions
• working class composed of mostly first-generation urban dwellers
• There were few social institutions to help the poor with stability

This socialism is often radical/revolutionary to overthrow the industrial capitalism.

1.2. Divided Socialism: Revolutionary or Reformist §

Late 19th century

• Working class improved
• Advanced political democracy
• Trade unions provided economic security
• Working-class political parties, sports, social clubs integrated working class into industrial society

The working class no longer could be revolutionists

⇒ divided socialism in two

• Revolutionist Socialism: remained the same, wanted to overthrow the government and reform society. (Communism)
• Reformists Socialism: switched to legal and constitutional methods of reform of the social & political system (Social Democracy/Socialism)

1.3. Spread East As Anti-colonialism §

Spread of socialist ideas into African, Asian and Latin American

The change in struggle focus from class struggle to anti-colonial struggle

• Combination of socialism and nationalism

The Bolshevik model of communism spread to

• China
• North Korea
• Vietnam
• Cambodia

2. Core Themes: No Man Is An Island §

Socialism is characterized as cluster of ideas, values and theories

• Community
• Cooperation
• Equality
• Class Politics
• Common Ownership

Socialism: less revolutionary, focus on political power, to represent the working class

Communism: still need a revolution, to restructure society as a whole. Government is the most important

Marxism: