Origins of the Somali civil war
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clsarDL0RQY&ab_channel=CaspianReport
Colonialism
France, Britain, Italy colonized different parts of land that Somalians lived in
Britain had to pay allies
- Offered some of Britain’s Somalia to Ethiopia
French Somalia got independent and made their own country
Many Somalians were outside the country
Battle for lands somali lives on
The government of Mogadishu wanted to retake land that Somalians were living on
Area called “Greater Somalia”
- Conflict started and Ethiopia destroyed Somalian forces from taking their land
- Leads to future conflicts
President got assasinated and military coup happened
Barre: set up society with communist values
- Commune farms
- Collective education
- Collective industry work
- Got help from Egypt and Soviet
Attack against Ethiopia
Military rose up in power and began invading Ethiopia
- Occupied 80% of what would make “Greater Somalia”
- Ethiopia announced support of Marxist-Lennin and after Somalia refused negotiation Soviet supported Ethiopia
- US supported Somalia less money than soviet support of Ethiopia
Somali forces retreated
1/3 of the army died fighting
Result
- 1/3 of the army died fighting
- Economy Collapse
- Refugee crisis: ethnic somali in fighting area fled to Somalia
- Famine: drought
Outcome of war and start of civil war
Barre lost credibility: ripe for civil war
- Became more authoritarian: tried to destroy opposition (attacked 3 cities killing 50k)
1991: Barro fled by ?
- National army and government institutions dissolved
→ Civil war
- Warlords, separatist,
Issues that still remain
-
AU peacekeepers doesn’t work because lack of stable hosting and funding
-
Irriodentist Innitiative that triggered the crisis??
-
4.5 system grants autonomy to regional clans
- Stops the public from participating in government decisions
- Give power to small groups of elites
Transclude of Government-selected-by-their-clan-alligence
Government selected by their clan alligence
Decentralized