First Aid §

• Why do we learn first aid
  • To save lives
  • Prevent further life threatening incident
  • For people in society to feel more safe
  • To respond to emergency and make the doctor’s job easier
    • From life threatening to manageable
• Outline of what to do in first aid
  1. Protect from further incident
  2. Check for life
     • Check breathing: if fainted
     • Check pulse: if heart is pumping
     • Check brain functions: make patient follow your finger with their eyes
       • If no problem: can move them and carry
     • Check limbs: if no problem, can carry
       • Legs: if can’t move -> could be spinal injury
  3. Call ambulance
  4. Calm patients: don’t let anyone move them
  5. Clean up after yourself: masks, equipment, towels

Fainting §

• Don’t block the airway by
  • Laying on a pillow/lap
  • Lay on their side instead
• Move them to recovery position by
  • Straighten limbs and protect joints
  • One arm in V shape
• Don’t put pressure on injured area

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) §

• Purpose
  • Only for fainting, no pulse, or no breathing
  • To resuscitate the heart
  • To replace the heart’s function
• Very time sensitive
  • Don’t spend time checking pulse if you know they aren’t breathing (drowning)
• CPR pump 30 times (100-120 pumps/min)
  • Then 2 blows through the mouth and repeat
  • Push down 1/3 the depth of the torso
• Body types
  • Adults: use both hands
  • Teenagers: use one hand only
  • Infants: three fingers extended only, or use thumbs

Shock §

• Cause:
  • Loss of blood
  • Lack of oxygen
  • Exhaustion
  • Intense pain
• Symptoms: Shock stops all 3 systems of life
  • Lost/lack of consciousness: don’t let the victim fall asleep
  • No Breathing
  • No Heart beats
• Treatment:
  • Remove the cause of the shock
  • Elevate the patient’s legs higher than their heart
  • Cover them with a blanket

Checking for life §

• Systems of life
  • Consciousness
  • Breathing
  • Heart beat

1. Ask for a response/consciousness
2. Check breathing: if breathing -> heart is pumping
   • Count breaths for 10 seconds
   • Times by 6 to get breaths/min
     • 12-20/min for adults
     • 20-30/min for 1-8 years old
     • 30-40/min for <1 years old
   • If not breathing start CPR
3. Check pulse: check the wrist or neck for heart beats
   • Count pulse for 10 seconds
   • 60-80 pulse/min for adults

Choking ស្លាក់ §

• The epiglottis is what keeps food/water from going down the wind pipe
  • Your mind helps determines which tube to open
• Knock on their upper back to push the block out
• Do the Heimlic maneuver
  • Check if they’re pregnant
• If fainted & no breath: start CPR
• Poisioning

Physical Injuries §

• Spilled guts:
  • Put slightly salty waters on injured area to sanitize
  • Legs must be folded at all times
• Burns
  • Burned skin:
    • Don’t use toothpaste
    • Tie area with wet towel
    • Burned hands: don’t let fingers touch each other, or they’ll merge
      • Keep bandage wet
  • Acid burn
    • Use liquid shampoo
  • Don’t break burn bubbles
• Snake bite
  • Get to the hospital from 8 to 12 hours
  • Don’t cut blood flow to the limb
  • Drink little amounts of water frequently.
• Dislocated joints:
  • Spinal injury
  • Use ice
• Broken bones:
  • Bones can cut flesh -> swollen because internal bleeding
  • don’t move the victim, wait for ambulance
  • Use brace to keep limb straight before transporting to hospital

Blood §

• Blood types: A, B, AB, and O
  • Can have A+

Types of bleeding §

• External bleeding:
  • Clean injury with slightly salty water/soap/warm-water
    • Don’t use alcohol
  • Put pressure on area
  • Nose bleed
    • Cause: hot-temperature
    • Face down while holding your nose closed
    • Keep your head/face cold: head mask
• Internal Bleeding:
  • Symptoms:
    • Types
      • Internal organ rupture
      • Blunt force trauma to bleed inside
    • Throwing up blood
    • High heart rate
    • Low blood pressure
  • Treatment: elevate the legs higher than the heart
    • No drinking water:

References §

1. 2022-06-28’s ActionAid’s First Aid training
2. 2022-06-29’s ActionAid’s First Aid training