How to construct a constitution for Syria? §

Is reference to How would you create a Democratic Institution in Syria

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• The Syrian constitution was rewritten in coups of 1951, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1961, 1962, and 1973.
• 1963 Ba’athist coup d’état, stayed in power from 1963 to 2011
  • effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens.
    • establish state of emergency [1]
  • established National Council of the Revolutionary Command which had executive, legislative, and judicial powers [1]
  • Leadership is succeeded through the Ba’ath bloodline
  • Human rights abuses
    • frequent executions of citizens & political prisoners
    • massive censorship
  • External conflicts
  • Oppositions: Syrian opposition, Rojava, Tahrir al-Sham and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
  • ranked last on Global Peace Index
• 1966, Ba’ath defeated by coup [1]
  • suspended 1964 temp constitution
  • replaced with another temp constitution in 1969
• the less extreme of the party split and followed General Hafiz al-Assad to stage coup [1]
  • elected president in 1971
  • The minority Alawites have maintained control over political power since the early 1970s. [1]
    • is Alawites the president elected in 1971 (General Hafiz al-Assad)?
  • adopted new 1973 constitution through referendum
    • stayed adopted and only modified a little till now
• The Syrian Civil War is on-going war inspired by the Arab Spring Revolutions
  • Army defectors created Free Syrian Army: assuming they’re against the government
  • Rebel Groups: IS & al-Nusra
  • Possible Proxy War in Syria
  • Started in 2011 from government first torturing children for information then hostile response to peaceful protesters over the same matter [1]
  • before many complained under Bashar al-Assad [2]
    • high unemployment
    • officials abusing powers
    • lack political freedom
• Casualties
  • 400k killed by 2017
  • 5 mil refugees
  • 500k internal displace
• Economic Crisis in 2020
  • protests against failing economy and inflated in value
  • president dismissed prime minister in addressing economic problem
  • Analysts noted that a resolution to the current banking crisis in Lebanon might be crucial to restoring stability in Syria.
  • analysis says If government collapse there’ll be chaos and instability instead of improvement
  • analysts says sanctions could collapse the regime and destabilize the region