Chapter 5: International Institutions and War §

(F) Day of the week: Wednesday Class: IS203 Created Time: January 15, 2020 2:25 PM Database: Class Notes Database Date: January 15, 2020 2:25 PM Days Till Date: Passed Last Edited Time: June 9, 2021 10:42 AM Type: Presentation Notes

• Content

• What is War?

  conflict between two or more nations with military actions.

• Police of International Politics

Alliances §

Alliances: military cooperation between states in war

• Offensive Alliance: chase each other’s interests
  • Ex: The Molotov Ribbentrop Pact
    • Finland
    • Estonia
    • Latvia
    • Lithuania
• Defensive Alliance: states protect one another

Balance of power

Alliances and Alignments §

Balance of Power limitation

• Not all alliances form for balancing against stronger state
• States can choose many potential states as alliance

Alliances and the liklihood of war §

• Unclear or lack of info ⇒ Bargaining failure or war
• Treat alliance as institution not actors

How Alliances establish credibility §

• Make sure alliances join in military activities
• Station troops in each others territory
• Joint decision makings

Why alliances arent Ironclad/strong §

Ironclad alliance

• Entrapment: has to commit to alliance

Less Ironclad alliance

• Safer option opportunity
• lesser Ironclad alliance

2. Europe alliance 1879-1990 §

Alliance depends on

• strength of common goal

5.1 Pre-World-War I §

• Temtation of preventive and preemptive war
• too highly dependent on allies

5.2 The Interwar Period §

Hitler’s strategy

• Exploit weak alliance, betray them, trust me
• Bandwagoning: alliance with the most powerful

5.3 The Cold War §

Two super powers, more stable

• Less miscalculations
• Institutionalized nature

3. Collective Security §

Differences of Alliance and Collective Security

Alliance §

• States with same interest
• have institution to manage

Collective Security §

• Small number of states
• Assumption that states have common interests, in preventing war and aggression
• Open to universality

Organization §

• Forbid use of force, only negotiation
• Provide humanitarian aid in crisis states
• “collective security” to deter aggressors
• Prevent inter & intra conflict
• maintain peace

Threat §

• Determine if action is a threat
• Determine what action will be taken

Intervention I §

• Whether negotiation or enforcement actions
• Deter from further aggression

Intervention II §

• Provide service for peaceful negotiation
• Enforce peace agreement

How it influnce bargaining power §

• Involvement from other members

• Deter the breach of commitment

• Freerider: dont contribute much but want benefits

Joint Decision making problems §

• Determine threat: States vote to their bias of national interest, not justice
• Differing Interests: P5 veto resolutions towards crisises
• Resulted in bias

Institutional Responses to challanges of collective security §

Virtues §

• Reduce cost and time of joint decision makings
• Consent and contribution of major power

Experiences of collective security §

United Nations §

• Compliance with Charted, of peaceful negotiation of conflicts
• Determine actions against level of threat against peace

UN in Cold War §

• UN couldn’t act for the first 50 years
  • Greece Civil War
  • Korean War: soviet veto, alliance with NKorea

UN Post-Cold-War §

UN becomes more effective

More active peacekeeping missions

More Resolution Approved

Less use of veto

Russia used less veto to establish better international relations

Conclusion §

Alliance have to find balance

Collective Security need to cooperate with common goal to prevent conflict

Not sure it will stop conflicts or wars

Cooperative Security: help each other solving issues

Comparative Security