Kenneth Waltz Images of IR

Created Time: October 14, 2021 8:11 PM Database: Evergreen Database Last Edited Time: October 14, 2021 8:12 PM References: Levels of Analysis of Foreign Policy Tags: (NEED RESEARCH) Type: Inbox, Permanent Notes

Kenneth Waltz Images of IR

First Image: Individual

  • Rational Choice Theory: Leaders have
    • many advisors inputs from all fields of the state
    • experience in analyzing cost vs benefits
    • pressure to meet expectation by mass public elector
  • [Cognitive School of Thoughts]: leaders/individuals aren’t always as rational as we think they are
    • Human nature aren’t always rational, they make mistake, and overlook obvious things
    • Cognitive Fallacy
      • Groupthink: a cognitive fallacy where people want to fit into popular decision/option in fear of being isolated, left out, and being wrong.
      • Cognitive dissonance: when leader try to ignore negative info, having biased pre-assumptions,
      • Cognitive consistency: attempting to recreate past glories using same method for different situation

Second Image: State

  • The political system, ruling elites, political ideologies, religion, interest groups, CSOs, public opinion, strategic culture…
    • Democratic Peace Theory
    • Strategic culture: political culture than transfer from one generation to another through education and social processes
      • neutrality position, isolationism, internationalism

Third Image: External/Structural Factor

  • Realism: foreign policy tools available to act, react, and interact in int’ environment depending on the nature of polarity within the system
  • Liberalism: multiplex world order of amitav acharya

References